÷ӹ¤лѵʵ ѵʵ졮
Ңҡѧŷҡ١Դѡͧѡ.

й çҧ 硹Ҥ ԢͧԷԢͧ ػ
ѡ͹ʹ ѹлл ѹллҢ͵ŧѺ UN 181 ǧԹ» ʶҹԹ
ѡɢͧʧ èͧҾ ظͧ ûѵ ëѡ
ط÷ Ѱ ͧ˻ЪҪҵ ʶѰ
áзᾷͷ ·繤Ѻ ʹҡ÷ ѭѵҴԷԾ鹰ҹͧͧ ͡¤ ?

й

ӨӡѴԷԢͧСûżŷúɹҨж١. All countries have laws, the most enlightened try to separate the church and the state, the Roman Catholic church also has laws that appear to govern church and state because they see themselves as having the right to govern in both arenas.

·ѧʶҾ͵ҹѹ˹١ਵдաҾǡҤͧٻͧѹѡҡ. ѵʵʴҧѴਹthatҷ2ѧ١ͧ㹢ͧѰŪԴ͡ҡҸԻʹ.

çҧͧѰԡ


Ѱͧçҧ:
'Ҽ餹ͧѰԡҷҧ˾ѹѰóẺҧ繸ʧ㹻ȻСѹѴѺͧѹҸóз͹ʴԡ÷Сûʹҵͧؤѧͧҡӹ¾âͧǧԹá˹ҧͻѰԡçҧѹ.'

ѹ . ӹҨԵԺѭѵʶҹҷѧ١ҧزҼ᷹ɯ͡Ըբͧ͡ѺӹҨҹҧ鹵͹ͧѹͧ. ûżŢͧ͡任иҹҸԺըҡҶ١繻. Section VIII grants Congress specific powers, e.g., to declare war. ͺࢵǹIXҤ;ѧ¡ûѺ͹ѧЧѺ. ǹXӡѴѧͧѰзӡáзѰ駾觾Һ繾ͧЪ.
II . ҧ觴ԹâͧѰŷ١иҹҸԺͧиҹ. ٨ͧ줳м͡͡ûżŢͧõͧ͡駤سѵԸաҷиҹ١դسѵ. ǹII¡ҾѧͧиҹҸԺ㹰ҹcommander-in-chief÷Сõҧ. ǹIIIǺѹӧҹͧиҹҸԺաѺ administrative-powerиҹҸԺ. ǹIVǺëѴʹͧиҹҸԺ.
III . ͡Ůաҡѧ·. ҹҨҧŪ鹵. ǹIIӨӡѴͺࢵͧԷԷҧ¡ѧѹ¡ԷԷҧ¡ѧѹáҧѰҡҹ鹷㹹˾ѹѰҨԹҹ鹤ͧ. ǹIIIӨӡѴШӡѴôԹѹá.
IV . ǺѹҧѰ͡ͶͷҧٻẺФͶ͡¡ѹСѹôŷҡѹͧЪҡâͧѰТ鹵͹觼¢ᴹ. ǹIIIǺǡѹСûͧͧԹᴹѧѹзԹüҹ㹧ҹͧѰ. ǹIVѧѭٻẺͧѰŻҸóѰ(ҸóѰ)Ѱء.
V . ǺûżŢͧçҧ.
VI . ҧçҧ㹰ҹС·٧شͧ. ҪáѧѹѰ˹ҷʹѺʹعçҧ; ÷ͺҧʹҨж١ͧѺӹѡҹ.
VII . ѰçҧШԴҷѰ9ѹ(13)ѵҺѹѹ.
ѭѵҴԷԾ鹰ҹͧͧ
10áͺѭѵҴԷԾ鹰ҹͧͧ.
  1. freedoms 4ѹ
  2. Right to bear arms
  3. ѾԹǹؤ
  4. ҷ˵Сö١Ѻ
  5. §ѹ2
  6. ͧصԸ
  7. ÷ͺ¤١ع
  8. äӻСѹԹ͡÷ҹ
  9. Է仼餹
  10. ԷѰ

Amendment I (1791) . ѹ1ͧѭѵҴԷԾ鹰ҹͧͧ(I-IX); ЧѺʹҧѰ; ҾѺСѹͧѡ§ٴͧͧêзͧءѰ.
II (1791 ). ѡҷþ͹well-regulatedѡԷѡе.
III (1791 ). ЧѺ͡4ǹѹ㹷ǹؤѹҾȨҡ繾ͧͧҢͧ.
IV (1791 ). ѺСѹѺҷ˵Сö١Ѻ.
V (1791 ). ѺСѹѺҽ׹ͧкǹ÷ҧ·ôԹҭ. ءҨж١ѧѺѺͧͧ繾ҹ. ûżŤ١ع١ͧ͢͡ҡáзӼԴ. §ѹ2Ҷ١ЧѺ. èԹǹǂȂ̤ҷ᷹ѹ繸Ҹóж١ЧѺ.
VI (1791 ). ١ع÷ͧԺѵصԸصԸѺСѹԷԻЪ㹤ҭҷ.
VII (1791 ). ÷ͺ¤١عѺСѹ㹡ҡѺͧӤѭ(sзӼԴ)ЧѺԹͧͧ١adjudicated.
VIII (1791 ). ЧѺäӻСѹԹͤһѺɷмԴ.
IX (1791 ). СҡᨡᨧͧԷԷ˹çҧѧٴ繹¼餹ѡҷԷ.
X (1791 ). 仾ѧѰçҧѰ˾ѹѰЧѺѰ.

XI (1798 ). С˾ѹѰҨͧҷءԴͧѺѰ١ЪҡâͧѰѹաͻȶ.
XII (1804 ). 䢷ͺͧС͡駻иҹҸԺդ.
XIII (1865 ). ѹ1ͧ'ʧҧͧ'3; ЧѺ繷.
XIV (1868 ). ӨӡѴҾͧѰѹ. ЧѺѰä͡кǹ÷ҧ·ӼԴ(繡V)͡äѹҡѹͧ.
XV (1870 ). ԷѺСѹͧЪҡõ͵ҹѰѹ͡ԴѰ躹鹰ҹ觢ѹШ͹˹.
XVI (1913 ). ӡ͹ѵѧѹ.
XVII (1913 ). Ѵҡ͡駷ѡѹҧҧµçͧزҪԡ.
XVIII (1919 ). Ӥ˾ѹѰ.
XIX (1920 ). ˭ԧѺСѹŧṹ§ѰС͡Ѱѹ.
XX (1933 ). ˹ҷѧӧҹЪ¹ŧйѴԸԴͧиҹҸԺͧиҹ; ШҧСôç˹觻иҹҸԺաõͧ.
XXI (1933 ). ¡ԡXVIIIè.
XXII (1951 ). ԷиҹҸԺբͺࢵ令Ѿ੾2ѹ.
XXIII (1961 ). ͹حҵ´ʷԡͿ·ӻиҹҸԺͧиҹŧṹպ莁O.
XXIV (1964 ). 㹡͡駡ѧѹТǧ.
XXV (1967 ). ѴҢ鹵͹ҧСôç˹觻иҹҸԺաѳ˸; ͡ҡШҧõͧиҹҸԺ.
XXVI (1971 ). ŧؼҹҧҪѭѵ㹡͡ѹѰ18.
XXVII (1992 ). ͹зѧ͡駷ЪѴ仡ѧŢͧ¹ŧŵͺ᷹ͧҪԡͧ

: ԢͧԷԢͧлЪҡ

ѹ١ѭѵѹ26ԧҤ1789ҧûѵԽмٴ㨺ҧҡçҧѰԡ.


The Representatives of the French People, formed into a National Assembly, considering ignorance, the lapse of memory or contempt of the rights of man to be the sole causes of public misfortunes and the corruption of Governments, have resolved to set forth, in a solemn Declaration, the natural, inalienable and sacred rights of man, to the end that this Declaration, constantly present to all members of the body politic, may remind them unceasingly of their rights and their duties; èѧ鹡áзӢͧӹҨԵԺѭѵҹ鹢ͧӹҨùҨФ͡ҨӹǹҡҾǡҹҨж١ºº繻Ш㹰ҹ¡ʶһҷҧͧءþ; èվ鹰ҹҵѡ÷Ѵ駹Ҩж١ͺاѡҢͧçҧФآͧthatͧâͧЪҡ. ŷҡê๪ѹѺлСԷԢҧҧͧлЪҡ㹡Тҧ auspicesͧthe Being٧ش.

1 Դ觷ҡѹԷ. ¡ҧѧöվ鹰ҹҹöª.
еŴͧҤҧͧѧ͡ʧǹѡҢͧҵԷimprescriptibleͧ2 . ԷҹҾ{ǹ}ǧԹ{Էͧ}Թʹ{ǹ}Сõ͵ҹöá.
ѡ÷ӹҨ٧شѧѹѺ˹㹻ȷas-a-whole3 . ҧءǹؤšöԴӹҨ͡ѹШҧ.
Ҿ 4 ѧСͺöӷ. ѧ鹡͡ѧͧԷԷ繸ҵԢͧբͺࢵҹдѺͧҹ鹷ѺͧҪԡ蹢ͧѧԹբͧԷҹǡѹ. ͺࢵҹö˹ҹҡ.
衮Էáзӷѹѧ5 . ١¡öѺöѧѺ÷ͧ÷衮੾.
衮¤͹Ծͧ㨷价6 . Ъҡ÷Էԡѧͺ{ûżŷ͡}áٻͧ繡ǹ¼᷹ͧǡ. ¤觷͹ѹҧ͹·ѹͧѹѹŧ. Ȩҡʶҹҵá÷ͧèҧҸóеöͧǡлЪҡ÷͡ҡѺҡѹ㹵ҹҺؤŷյ˹٧¡蹡ҹ蹢ͧش秢ͧǡоäͧǡ.
öԹöѺͶ١ѡ㹤ͧ͡ҡҧʶҹóҹ鹷١˹ҡٻẺ鹷١͡7 . ҹ鹷ѡǹзͷӺѭҷ˹ͧ稵ͧ١ŧ; ҧáЪҡѧԹͶ١ѺҧѾ੾ТͧµͧԴ·ѹ: ҷӵͧͧդԴ¡õ͵ҹ.
衮¡ѧҨС˹8 ҹ鹡ŧҭҷ˹ѡ˹ǧ蹹鹷ШШ; 觡ҹ鹤ö١ŧ¡鹢ҧѾ੾Тͧ·١ҧж١Сȡ͹üԴ́DDDзդöһء.
·ء§ҷ١ԡѧ١СդԴ9 ; {ҧá}ѹԨóҤӤѭѺҡáз繡ִ蹤ѧͧ١ѧѺҧعçӵ.
褹ءäç;ٴ繢ͧҹѧҧʹҶҡûҡѴͧ繢ͧǡҡҧѡҡФʧº·١ҧ١Ѵҧ10 .
ÿբͧԴФ繤1ѹͧԷԷҤشͧ11 : ѧ鹻Ъҡѧöٴ¹оҧ¡ҵͧѺԴͺǡѺҧ¢ͧҾѹ㹡蹹鹷١˹ҡ.
ѺСѹͧԷªлЪҡõͧáͧѧǨ12 : Ѻʹմѧ鹡ѧѹ١ʶһѺºͧöªШͧ{˹ҷ}ѹ١ҡѧҹ.
ͺاѡҢͧͧѧǨФ¢ͧûͧŧѹ{}13 Ӥѭ: ѹͧ͡ҡҧЪҡáѺТͧöͧǡ{蹹}١ᨡ.
Ъҡ÷ԷԷӴ¾ǡҵͧͼҹ᷹ͧǡҤͧáŧѹҸóŧṹպ莁O繴ѹ¤Ѥ͹حҵ÷ԴŢͧѹС˹üѹԹ{ӹǹͧ}ûԹҤŤ蹹ҹ14 .
ѧ 15 ԷԵͧúѭҡѧ᷹Ҹóͧûͧͧǡ.
ѧءԴͧ㹹ѺСѹͧ{}䢡assured¡ӹҨѧ͹16 çҧ{}.
Թ 17 {Է}觷ԴѡԷ줧ҨԹǹǶӤѭҸó¶١þٴ֧¨Шж١õͧ͹䢢ͧreimbursment١ͧ㹰ҹǹ{仡è}.

ѧ: 硹Ҥ

카¤سҢͧмҢͧѧҪҢعҧͧŹؤͧѧѴҧѹ§˹ͧ͢Ƚս觵Դͧ᤺ѧAquitaineФӹdzͧAnjou줺ԪͻԪͻ͸ԡź͹ȢعҧӾǡȪ鹺͹justiciarsǻҹԡѹʨǵѺмżŻªͧҢͧԹͧҷ觢ͧ訧ѡѡդӷѡ.

Know that, having regard to God and for the salvation of our soul, and those of all our ancestors and heirs, and unto the honor of God and the advancement of holy church, and for the reform of our realm, by advice of our venerable fathers, Stephen archbishop of Canterbury, primate of all England and cardinal of the holy Roman Church, Henry archbishop of Dublin, William of London, Peter of Winchester, Jocelyn of Bath and Glastonbury, Hugh of Lincoln, Walter of Worcester, William of Coventry, ๴ԤͧRochesterԪͻ; of master Pandulf, subdeacon and member of the household of our lord the Pope, of brother Aymeric (master of the Knights of the Temple in England), and of the illustrious men William Marshall earl of Pembroke, William earl of Salisbury, William earl of Warenne, William earl of Arundel, Alan of Galloway (constable of Scotland), Waren Fitz Gerald, Peter Fits Herbert, Hubert de Burgh (seneschal of Poitou), Hugh de Neville, Matthew Fitz Herbert, Thomas Basset, Alan Basset, Philip d'Aubigny, Robert of Roppesley¾ͧ͡ѾѰԡҨ침FitzǨԴѵͧ.
1. ѹѺáй衮ѵûѨغѹͧҷ١׹ѹѺм׺ʹͧѺ֧ѴʶѧɿշԷԢͧ١ӼԴԷԾɢͧ; 觡ҹҨздѧѹ١ѧࡵ; ѹ˹駨ҡ١ѴԹҷشӤѭӤѭʶѧҢͧ㨤ͺطЖպѧѺͧҡ蹢ͧ͡Ҿз¡ѵâͧ׹ѹѵҺѹͧ͹ѹعҧͧ§ѹллIII.͹÷СѹѲҧк͹ȢعҧӾǡȪ鹺͹ͧ: 觡ҹҨйѧࡵФ㨢ͧҤѹ١׺ʹͧѺѧࡵبԵ㨶֧Ѵ. ҹ͡ҡЪҪͧҪҳҨѡâͧм׺ʹͧѺ֧ѴԷԾɷ١ʹѺʹعͧҷ١Ѵҹж١ǡм׺ʹͧǡҨѺм׺ʹͧѺ֧Ѵ.

2. If any of our earls or barons, or others holding of us in chief by military service shall have died, and at the time of his death his heir shall be of full age and owe "relief" he shall have his inheritance on payment of the ancient relief, namely the heir or heirs of an earl, 100 pounds for a whole earl's barony; ׺ʹͼ׺ʹͧ͹ȢعҧӾǡȪ鹺͹barony100͹; ׺ʹͼ׺ʹͧҡءҡشͤҸͧҡء͡Ҿ100; 觡ҹ÷ѧҵԨѵҳͧfiefs¹ŧ.

3. ҧá׺ʹͧâͧٴѹҡ͹˹ҹѧwardshipôͧһȨҡФһѺҷ繼˭.

4. ԷѡͧȢͧ׺ʹǡѺҡ÷˵Сúԡ÷˵дѧ鹡բҧبèá¡鹨ҡȢͧ׺ʹüԵù蹂Ȃ̤͡¢ͧԹ; and if we have committed the wardship of the lands of any such minor to the sheriff, or to any other who is responsible to us for its issues, and he has made destruction or waste of what he holds in wardship, we will take of him amends, and the land shall be committed to two lawful and discreet men of that fee, who shall be responsible for the issues to us or to him to whom we shall assign them; and if we have given or sold the wardship of any such land to anyone and he has therein made destruction or waste, he shall lose that wardship, and it shall be transferred to two lawful and discreet men of that fief, who shall be responsible to us in like manner as previously said.

5. Էѡ͡ҡҡѺwardshipͧȤèѡҺҹǹҸóк͹ӻstanksͧТͧ蹷ѧǹСͺȹ͡ѭҢͧȷ͹ѹ; 觡ҹҤè觤׹׺ʹʹͧѺĴ٢ͧ÷䶹ҷض֧մ繼˭Ȣͧҷѧ١Ѵͧ'waynage'ͧлѭҢͧöӨع. 6. ׺ʹ觧ҹȨҡٶ١---ѧѧ秡͹觧ҹشʹѺ׺ʹԴ.

7. ȨҡѧªԵͧբͧդҡӺҡԹͧ˭ԧͧô; norзѧѺôբͧԹͧ˭ԧͧôբͧ͡ѧѹͧªԵͧդ; 觡ҹ͹Ҩ觷㹺ҹͧբͧ40ѹѧªԵͧз㹹ôբͧͨҶ١ͺ14.

8. ·ء١ѧѺ觧ҹзͪͺȨҡ; ١蹤觧ҹȨҡ繾ͧͧҶͧͧ͢͢ͻȨҡ繾ͧͧعҧͶͶͶա˹.

9. ҼżŻªͧҢͧԹͧҤèѺѧͶ١ѺѧԹ樹зѧѾͧ١˹§ǡѺ᷹سԹ; norзӨз١˹ӤѭöѧԹѺͧͧѴ١˹; 觡ҹ١˹ӤѭèǡêԹաáѹѹѹ˹ҹ鹼ӻСѹѺԴͺǡѺԹ; 觡ҹǡջФҢͧ١˹騹з觾ǡҶ١ԹǡҪѺ١˹ӤѭҨ繡ѧҨҡ觹㹡ººѺѺͧǶҾǡҡǡ.

10. ١ҡ͹Թѹö١᷹سԹǡѺѧӹǹҡǡ˭͡ʹʹ㨶Ѵ͡׺ʹѺ; 觡ҹҨеԹͧ͢訴á͡ҡԹ鹷١è㹢ͨӡѴ.

11. 觡ҹҢͧҤè١1ѹ繺حسǷѾԹԴСáͧԹѹ; 觡ҹ鹶褹ͧ¶١·1DѧعԵТͧ繤ж١ǡ¨Ѻͧ; 觡ҹ鹹ͧ͡Թж١ШͧҧáԡҷԹѡԹ; Ըա÷͹ѹ١ѹԹʶ١ӡ.

12. Թ¤¡鹡繷êͨ١ѴպҪҳҨѡâͧ¡ҡû֡ҷ仢ͧҪҳҨѡâͧ¡鹡Ǥͧҷǡ÷١·ҡشͧҡءФ˹觧ҹѺ١Ƿҡشͧ; 觡ҹ鹡êͷ˵more than a١ѧͺѺҹ. Ըա÷͹ѹѹж١Өҡͧͧ͹͹ǡѺê.

13. 觡ҹͧͧ͹͹ԷԾҳ鹷ҡÿ´ջ觹; ͡ҡҾԾҡͧࢵͧлҡҧ͡ԷԾɢͧǡҷҡÿ.

14. 觡ҹͷû֡ҷ仢ͧҪҳҨѡanentԹҢͧê(㹡3㺡ǡ͹˹ҹ)Թ¤¡鹡繷ҨзԴͶ١Թ줺ԪͻԪͻ͸ԡк͹ȢعҧӾǡȪ鹺͹˭ҡ¨¢ͧ; 觡ҹҨзԴ͡ҡͶ١Թ¼ҹԡѹͧмżŻªͧҢͧԹ繻Էͧ˹ҷѹ͹Ǥѧҡú˹ͧҧ40ѹзʶҹѧ١Դ; 觡ҹ㹨·ͧ¡蹹ҨС˹˵ؼŢͧ¡. 觡ҹҷѧ¡١ӸáԨӧҹҷ١Թѹû֡ofҧ蹻ҡǶ١觵.

15. ҨӷءԴͧ1ѹ͹حҵѺ觷Ѻ͹Ҥ͹͡仡êͼҺҹբͧͧ¡ҧ¢ͧͷ١·ҡشͧҡء1觧ҹѺ١Ƿҡشͧ; 觡ҹҹ鹡êͷ˵Ũж١ѧͺҧͧ͡ҹ.

16. ͧ١ѴѺʴͧúԡ÷˭ͤҸͧҡءͷǵ֡ǿ蹤ͨҡҧ͹.

17. ٧ѧ¡͹˹ҷԨóҤոҵͧ仼ԾҡҢͧж١Ѻʶҹѧ١Դ蹺ҧ.

18. ١عͧdisseisin˵ءómort d'ancesterФӵѴԹͧ١عdarrein١ѧѺࢵͧǡͧ㹵ѧԸաÁA A A ͶҳࢵjusticiarӹҨ٧شͧҨФ觼ҹǧء4駵1 justiciars 2ѹС÷СѺҡءҢͧǧ١ǧ͡4ѹѹʶҹͧþѺԾҡҤ鹨Ѻassizeࢵ.

19. 觡ҹ鹶ö1ѹͧࢵͧ㴡ͧassizesç觷ͧҡءмӹҨ㹡ҢͧҧзҡǷࢵѹҡҡѺҨж١ͧҧջԷҾѴԹʹͧѺthe beáԨҡ͹.

20. ЪҪ١amercedѺշ¹ԴдѺͧüԴ́DDD͡ҡ仹; 觡ҹѺշӤѭҨСѧ١amercedʹͧѺçǧͧüԴ́DDDѧѴͧ͢'contenement;'оͤǷҧ͹ѹѧѴ'wainage'ͧҶҾǡ¹ҹФҢͧҷamerced¢ͧ'Թ;'ЪǹҷǷҧ͹ѹ: 觡ҹѹ㴡ͧamercementsǡ͹˹ҹ١Ѵ¡Һҹͧ·͵çͧ͹ҹ.

21. к͹ȢعҧӾǡȪ鹺͹١amercedҹäǡͧǡҹʹͧѺдѺͧüԴ́DDD¡.

22. ¹١amercedǡѺѺҧͧѧԸաâͧǡ͹˹ҹ; 觡ҹ١amercedʹͧѺͺࢵͧ˹觾͹ʹʶͧ.

23. ҹءǹؤš١ѧѺ÷оҹriver-banks¡鹼˹ҷҧ鹨ҡʹյ.

24. ԡѹءǨ˹ҷѹٵȾͧżŻªͧҢͧԹͧҡѺâͧԧ͹ͧǢͧ.

25. ǧ•S wapentakestrithings(͡ҡǹ㹺ҹͺࢵͧ)شҷСèԹ.

26. If any one holding of us a lay fief shall die, and our sheriff or bailiff shall exhibit our letters patent of summons for a debt which the deceased owe to us, it shall be lawful for our sheriff or bailiff to attach and catalogue chattels of the deceased, found upon the lay fief, to the value of that debt, at the sight of law worthy men, provided always that nothing whatever be thence removed until the debt which is evident shall be fully paid to us; 觡ҹ鹷ѾԹǹͨж١ѺѴþԹ¡ͷ稤㨢ͧ; 觡ҹѧѾеç鹡beáҧ͹仵»ѴҢͧ鹷˵Ţͧǡ.

27. һЪҪäվԹ¡ѧѾͧҤж١ᨡ¡ѧͧҵԾͧشͧ͹ҧäǺŢͧʶѧѴءԹ¡ѧ.

28. ǨءͼżŻªͧҢͧԹ蹢ͧͧҡ礧͡仢⾴ͨѴ蹡ѧȨҡѧ鹷͹Թ·ѹ¡Ҩҡ觹öաê¡͹ѵԢͧ.

29. ǨءèѧѺԹ᷹castle-guardѧҡءҷ㨻Ժѵԡѹ¼Ͷ餹ա㹤ͧͧ(öѹҡ˵ط˵ŷءԴͧ)ҹ. 觡ҹ鹶ҹ价˹ҷѺҪ÷Ҥж١ҨҡѹѴǹѺҷҧ躹úԡ.

30. ѧԡѹءͼżŻªͧҢͧԹͧͧͤ蹡èâöҡͧЪҪѺФ㨾ٴѹ.

31. ҼżŻªͧҢͧԹͧҤè訴ͧ͢Ҥ㨢ͧѹѺѧҷͧͧҹ蹢ͧͧ.

32. Ҩѡҧ˹觻ѹҧ˹觻Ȣͧ١٨ǡѺԴѹлȨж١觼ҹعҧͧfiefsѧҡ.

33. kiddles͹Ҥж١͡Ҥѹͧ͡ѧMedwayѧɷ͡ҡѹԧ.

34. ŷ١¡praecipeͧӷ觷ءԴͧѧþѧ֡ЪҪҨʹҢͧѺѴ͹Ҥ.

35. ҡäµçҵá1駢ͧǹҳࢵͧ; 觡ҹҵá1駢ͧըҧ; 觡ҹҵá1駢ͧ⾴ǹͧ(١չӵᴧ'halberget')ǹellswithinͧ2'1ǹ4͹͹;'Фҧ1ѹ·; ͧ١˹ѡ͡ҡ١ѹ茻ҵá.

36. á͹Ҥ١ͤԴŢͧ׺ǹͧԵʹ͡ҡҧѹж١¶١ʸ.

37. If any one holds of us by fee farm, by socage, or by burgage, and holds also land of another lord by knight's service, we will not (by reason of that fee farm, socage, or burgage) have the wardship of the heir, or of such land of his as is of the fief of that other; norзwardshipͧҸ觹socage͡Է㹷Թ¡ҿҸ蹹鹡ѧúԡâͧҡء. Ҩҡserjeanty硷ءԴͧѧҨШѺ¡úԡմ١ͻǡѹwardshipͧ׺ʹͧofͧȷҡѧ¡úԡâͧҡءҢعҧա.

38. żŻªͧҢͧԹء͹Ҥèѧ''ͧҷú蹤͖ʹѺʹعͧͧȨҡҹͶ١Ѻشѹ.

39. 㨻ЪҪ١ͨж١ѡѧͶ١disseisedͶ١ѺҨҧá١ӨѴ价觷µѴԹ١ͧ¢ͧäǡͧ͡¢ͧ.

40. 㨷·㨷һʸͷҢͤ繸.

41. All merchants shall have safe and secure exit from England, and entry to England, with the right to tarry there and to move about as well by land as by water, for buying and selling by the ancient and right customs, quit from all evil tolls, except (in time of war) such merchants as are of the land at war with us. 觡ҹ鹶ҧ鹶١㹻Ȣͧҡ鹢ͧʧǡҤж١justiciarӹҨ٧شͧҡѡȨҡúҴҧ¢ͧǡԹҨзѺоͤҢͧȢͧҷ١㹻ʧҶ١Ѵҧ; 觡ҹ鹶Ҽ¢ͧһʹ·ç椧лʹ㹻Ȣͧ.

42. It shall be lawful in future for any one (excepting always those imprisoned or outlawed in accordance with the law of the kingdom, and natives of any country at war with us, and merchants, who shall be treated as is above provided) to leave our kingdom and to return, safe and secure by land and water, except for a short period in time of war, on grounds of public policy -- reserving always the allegiance due to us.

43. If any one holding of some escheat (such as the honor of Wallingford, Nottingham, Boulogne, Lancaster, or of other escheats which are in our hands and are baronies) shall die, his heir shall give no other relief, and perform no other service to us than he would have done to the baron, if that barony had been in the baron's hand; 觡ҹҡѧжѹԸա÷͹ѹ㹹鹺͹ȢعҧӾǡȪ鹺͹ѧѹ.

44. ·ѧȨҡ繵ͧҵ仡͹justiciarsͧҢͧҷ¡¡鹼 impleaded impleadedá繡ѧѺͧͤͤ١ԴѺջ.

45. ҨС˹㹰ҹмԾҡҧǨԡѹͼżŻªͧҢͧԹ¢ͧҳࢵ·¹DѹҴ.

46. All barons who have founded abbeys, concerning which they hold charters from the kings of England, or of which they have long-continued possession, shall have the wardship of them, when vacant, as they ought to have.

47. ͧҷ١ҧҢͧҨж١·ѹ; 觡ҹǷҧ͹ѹеǡѺӹӷ١ҧͧҡ'㹷¤'Ңͧ.

48. All evil customs connected with forests and warrens, foresters and warreners, sheriffs and their officers, river banks and their wardens, shall immediately be inquired into in each county by twelve sworn knights of the same county chosen by the honest men of the same county, and shall, within forty days of the said inquest, be utterly abolished, so as never to be restored, provided always that we previously have intimation thereof, or our justiciar, if we should not be in England.

49. Ҩз׹ҾǻСѹСѵ÷١ѧͺ㹰ҹѺͧͧѹҾ͡úԡ÷·ѹ.

50. Ҩ¨ҡbailiwicksͧǡҤѹͧGerard Atheeҧó(͹ҤǡҨbailiwickѧ); ǤEngelardͧCigogneͧChanceaux͹͹͹蹢ͧCigogneͿͧMartignyվͧ¢ͧҿԻѺͧ¢ͧҹ¢ͧҨͿ١ͧ͹ѹ.

51. ѹշѹҾ١鹤׹ҨТѺҡءҷԴҧȷèз÷ҡ,ǡѺҷҪҳҨѡáѺᢹҪҳҨѡ.

52. ѧ١dispossessedͶ١͡Ȣͧһҷ͹حҵԾ͢ҢͧһȨҡѴԹ¢ͧäǡͧҨФ觤׹ǡ·ѹ; 觡ҹ鹻ҡ;Ծҷҧ鹹ѹ͹ȢعҧӾǡȪ鹺͹25Ƕ֧١ӷҧҵִѹҾѴԹҹ. Moreover, for all those possessions, from which any one has, without the lawful judgment of his peers, been disseised or removed, by our father, King Henry, or by our brother, King Richard, and which we retain in our hand (or which are possessed by others, to whom we are bound to warrant them) we shall have respite until the usual term of crusaders; ¡鹢ͧҹ鹡âͧԧ͹١͡ͺǹͺ鹷١¡âͧҷӡ͹ͧҢͧҡҷ; ҧáѹաҡѺҡԹҧŢͧ(ͶҨʧشԹҧ)Ҩ㹹鹤繸ҧٻẺ·ѹ.

53. We shall have, moreover, the same respite and in the same manner in rendering justice concerning the disafforestation or retention of those forests which Henry our father and Richard our brother afforested, and concerning wardship of lands which are of the fief of another (namely, such wardships as we have hitherto had by reason of a fief which any one held of us by knight's service), and concerning abbeys founded on other fiefs than our own, in which the lord of the fief claims to have right; 觡ҹҷҡѺͶشԹҧŢͧҨФ繸ҧٻẺǡѺͧ蹹·ѹ.

54. ͧ١Ѻͨж١ѡѧͧͧ˭ԧѺѧªԵͧù͡ҡբͧ.

55. All fines made with us unjustly and against the law of the land, and all amercements imposed unjustly and against the law of the land, shall be entirely remitted, or else it shall be done concerning them according to the decision of the twenty five barons of whom mention is made below in the clause for securing the peace, or according to the judgment of the majority of the same, along with the previously said Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, if he can be present, and such others as he may wish to bring with him for this purpose, and if he cannot be present the business shall nevertheless proceed without him, provided always that if any one or more of the previously said twenty five barons are in a similar suit, they shall be removed as far as concerns this particular judgment, others being substituted in their places after having been selected by the rest of the same twenty five for this purpose only, and after having been sworn.

56. disseised͡WelshmenԷԾͻȨҡѴԹ¢ͧäǡͧǡҷѧǡҨТͧ蹶١觤׹ǡ·ѹ; 觡ҹ鹻ҡ;Ծҷҧ鹹ѹѴԹͧäǡͧǡҵѴԹ㹡仢ҧ˹ҹ; Ѻ֡Ƿѧɵ¢ͧѧɵ֡Ƿ¢ͧе֡Ƿ仢ҧ˹ҵ¢ͧ仢ҧ˹. WelshmenèзӷТͧ͹ѹ.

57. Further, for all those possessions from which any Welshman has, without the lawful judgment of his peers, been disseised or removed by King Henry our father or King Richard our brother, and which we retain in our hand (or which are possessed by others, to whom we are bound to warrant them) we shall have respite until the usual term of crusaders; ¡鹢ͧҹ鹷âͧԧ͹١ͷͺ鹡ͺǹ١¡âͧҷӡ͹ҡҡҷ١; ҧáѹշҡѺ(ͶҨʧشԹҧŢͧ)Ҩ繸ҧٻẺʹͧѺ¢ͧWelshǡѺҤǡ͹˹ҹ·ѹ.

58. Ҩ¡ԡ١¢ͧLlywelynҧԧ·ѹյǻСѹͧСѵ÷١ͺ㹰ҹФ蹤ѹҾ.

59. Ҩзӷ硫ҹҪҢͧʡ͵Ըա÷͹ѹҤзӷ͹ȢعҧӾǡȪ鹺͹ͧ蹢ͧѧ¡͹¡ѹѧҨᵡҧʹͧѺѵ÷þͧ͢ҨҡǡѺáѺͧͧ˭ԧͧеǻСѹͧСǾѹ͹حҵԾɢͧТҢͧҪҢͧʡ͵; 觡ҹ鹹褧ФʹͧѺѴԹͧäǡͧʹҢͧ.

60. ͡ҡҹٴҡԷԾɷҢ͹ѧࡵҪҳҨѡâͧҵҺҷСѧǹСͺҷ¢ͧҶ١ͧҪҳҨѡâͧҺҷǧçһЪҪ仵ҺҷѧࡵСѧǹСͺǡҷ¢ͧǡҡ͹˹ҹ.

61. Since, moreover, for God and the amendment of our kingdom and for the better allaying of the quarrel that has arisen between us and our barons, We have granted all these concessions, desirous that they should enjoy them incomplete and firm endurance for ever, we give and grant to them the underwritten security, namely, that the barons choose twenty five barons of the kingdom, whoever they will, who shall be bound with all their might, to observe and hold, and cause to be observed, the peace and liberties we have granted and confirmed to them by this our present Charter, so that if we, or our justiciar, or our bailiffs or any one of our officers, shall in anything be at fault toward any one, or shall have broken any one of the articles of the peace or of this security, and the offense be notified to four barons of the previously said twenty five, the said four barons shall repair to us (or our justiciar, if we are out of the realm) and, laying the transgression before us, petition to have ÷ӼԴ¤駹鹷ջȨҡҪ.

And if we shall not have corrected the transgression (or, in the event of our being out of the realm, if our justiciar shall not have corrected it) within forty days, reckoning from the time it has been intimated to us (or to our justiciar, if we should be out of the realm), the four barons previously said shall refer that matter to the rest of the twenty five barons, and those twenty five barons shall, together with the community of the whole land, distrain and distress us in all possible ways, 㹴¡èѺҷͧһȡäͺͧСǤǷҧ蹾ǡҨ֧䢶١ҾǡҡѧԴҾʹաûѴѹ¤ͧͧФҪԹբͧö; 觡ҹҷ䢶١ǡҨѹҢͧǡ.

觡ҹ鹷ѧ÷ѧöѹҺ觡Ϳѧ觢ͧþٴѹҺ͹ȢعҧӾǡȪ鹺͹25͡зӡâͧͧǡ͹˹ҹСѺǡҷ纻Ǵҹմشͧѧͧ㹻; 觡ҹԹҧ价ءҡҧ֡ҧҨѧѵ. ҹ鹷͡ҡ㹻ȷǡҵͧСѧ׹ѹ25ͪ¾ǡ㹺պѧѺз纻ǴҹҧѤ㨤èз¤ӺѭҢͧҺѧѺ׹ѹšǡ͹˹ҹ͹ѹ. And if any one of the twenty five shall have died or departed from the land, or be incapacitated in any other manner which would prevent the previously said provisions being carried out, those of the said twenty five barons who are left shall choose another in his place according to their own judgment, and he shall be sworn in the same way as the others.

ҡ˹ͧзӡ÷١ҡѧ͹ȢعҧӾǡȪ鹺͹25ҹҨʧ25ҹçthat whichӹǹҡͧҹʴǡѺ͹25ѧʹͧѹ㹹Шж١Ѻ١Դж١ҧ; 觡ҹ25ǤèҺ觾ǡҨѧࡵ¤ѡѡշСǡ͹˹ҹ˵ط١ѧࡵҹҾͧǡҷѹ. 觡ҹҨҡáҡѧµçͷҧǹͧ͹ҹԷԾѧҨж١ԡ͹Ŵŧ; 觡ҹ鹶âͧ蹹鹶١ѹ͡Ҩѹ繡ǹա˹.

62. 觡ҹ鹨Ե㨪·Ѳҧм¢ͧҺҷǧҡѴͧ÷Сѹ´Фҧó¡ɷء. Moreover, all trespasses occasioned by the said quarrel, from Easter in the sixteenth year of our reign till the restoration of peace, we have fully remitted to all, both clergy and laymen, and completely forgiven, as far as pertains to us. 觡ҹԷԺѵйӨ¢ͧعҧʵ࿹줺Ԫͻ᤹ͧѧعҧ줺ԪͻͧѺԹԪͻǡ͹˹ҹТͧҹ㹰ҹСФ蹤ѹС͹ Pandulfι͡ҷѹҷԴͶ١Ѻǡҡ͹˹ҹ.

63. Therefore it is our will, and we firmly enjoin, that the English Church be free, and that the men in our kingdom have and hold all the previously said liberties, rights, and concessions, well and peaceably, freely and quietly, fully and wholly, for themselves and their heirs, of us and our heirs, in all respects and in all places for ever, as is previously said. Һҹ١͡ҡ麹շȷҧͧ㹰ҹǹͧ͹ȢعҧӾǡȪ鹺͹that͹䢷ҹǡ͹˹ҹж١ѡبԵлȨҡਵҷ. ҧ١駪·;ҹǡѺ˭ҷ١¡RunnymedeҧԹStainesѹͧԶع¹ѹ15㹻բͧǧûͧͧѹ17 --١ҧͧ͢--.

ѡ͹ʹ: ¢ͧʹҤʵԡѹҷԤ

ҹͧ¢ͧʶѹҷԡ2001. ٻ¹͡кӺѭշ١١ѡҷ衮·Ҥ1١͡١. ѧ鹡ѡ͹ʹ29ҨФ͡·͹ѹ͹˹ҹ300. ѹ繷Ԩҡ鹷.

Ѵਹ Ǣʹ
1998ѹллҨ칾II authoredѧѺ'ִ蹷仢ͧChristsӢҧêӢͧMagisteriumѡԷ''դDȁD Tuendam Fidem'秷ʶ teachings. ᴧԧ૿Ratzinger黡ͧͧêѡԷѷԢͧͶ(¡͹ѧ١ѡ㹰ҹӹѡҹͧ׺ǹ)¨¤ԨóѧҴҾҧ.
  • ͡յ ѧ͡յͧǹͧѷҹûʸ:
    • ͹ǡѺʵ
    • ͹ǡѺ
    • ѷԢͧʶһҢͧǡѺԸշҧʹ㹡ѺҧһͧҡʵмŢͧǡǡѺ. (͹§ҹ).
    • ѷԢͧͧʵԸ֧֡ѹ鹾Ъͧ«٤ʵ繨ԧ繪ѹ
    • á͵駢ͧʶҸԤͧҡ㨢ͧʵ
    • ѷԷѹѺ˹СռԴҴͧѡǪ
    • ѷԷäͧһԴ
    • ѷԷҾͧԭҳҧҹԵ
    • ѷǡѺ…DѺѹѧªԵ
    • ͧԴ鹩ѺѡԷ١Դ
    • ѷԷüԴŸӤѭͧҷµçѤâͧդԴ.
  • ҴõԴͷҧٻẺʶ ѧʶͧǹͧѷҹûʸ:
    • þѲ㨢ͧѷ͡ѺѴਹͧռԴҴкͺûͧѹлһ.
    • ͺ¡¢ͧ͡駢ͧѡǪ٧ش(ѡ͹ʹ349)
    • ûС繹ѡحͧѡح
    • ԅ ǡѺinvalidityͧèѴҧ˹觵ҧѺ͹ԡ¤¹
    • ˹觹ѡǪ繪ҷ·仡÷ҧʧäһdzСѡͺ.
͡յ
çͧ :
  • âѺ͡ҡʹ Ѵ͡âѺ͡ҡʹǡѺԸշҧʹ㹡Ѻҧһ੾ҧ觡õԴ. ¤ѧ١͡һ觷ҡҧԭҳͧзӼԴ. ѰҸԤѹ(ҭ)ѹ١accompanined¡ŧҭҾͧͧԹäѧСö١Ѻ.
  • һ һ觡âѺ͡ҡʹҷ'˭'. ѹѺǡҡԨʵзҾѺзӼԴ. ҢͧNicaea 335赡ŧѹҼⴹһ3ǡ͡յ1563anathematizedѹҢͧTrent.
  • Ҩе͵ҹǹؤѹСлͧ¢ҧͧࢵӹʹԨࢵͻǢͧѺ§դԴ. ѹ͡ѧ駢ͧ͡ѧҸóͧʹҷ駡ѧԸբͧ觧ҹСýѧȾ. ҧһйѹҷشҹ鹤ö١Ժѵԡ; 觡ҹҹѧеٷ١Դ. ѹѹ״ͧҹȾз餹͹觷Ҵѧ͹ҤͧѴԹش.
Ǣͧ :
  • ferendae sententiae - AѧԴзӼԴзѹ١Ѵ.
  • latae sententiae - A١ѡǹҧѵѵԷ褳м᷹ͧ.
ѡ͹ʹ ǹ Ǣʹ
ѡ͹ʹ331 ӹѡҹ١ͺ uniquely1ͧǡͶ١觼Ѻǧͧ͢ҡѧش㹺Ԫͻͧʶͧ. ҤТͧԷ¢ͧԪͻ᷹ͧʵкҷǧᵹͧʶҡŷš. ŷաѧ٧شҧٻẺЩѺѹҡŸʶӹѡҹͧöѴáѧѹҧ. ͺ¡¢ͧ͡駢ͧѹлл
ѡ͹ʹ349 CardinalsͧʶѹѡԷѧСͺԷ¾ɷѹԷ͡駹ѡǪʹͧѺ÷Ѵҹͧ¾. Cardinals͡ҡѡǪҹ͡ҡ黯ԺѵԧҹcollegiallyҷǡԹҴԹûѭҢͧӤѭӤѭ¡ѹͻԺѵԧҹ˹觡ǤӹѡҹǡҨѺ㹪¹ѡǪ੾ҧ㹡ôŷءѹͧʶҡ. ͺ¡¢ͧ͡駢ͧѹлл
ѡ͹ʹ747
  1. It is the obligation and inherent right of the Church, independent of any human authority, to preach the Gospel to all peoples, using for this purpose even its own means of social communication, for it is to the Church that Christ the Lord entrusted the deposit of faith, so that by the assistance of the Holy Spirit, it might conscientiously guard revealed truth, more intimately penetrate it, and faithfully proclaim and expound it.
  2. ʶբҡͷءͻСѡ÷ŸС÷ӡѧѴԹǡѺӤѭҺҷ١¡ͧԭҳԷª鹾鹰ҹ͡͹.
§äš
ѡ͹ʹ749
  1. ŸͧӹѡҹͧҹѡǪ٧شռԴҴ͹褹§зӹҨ٧شҨͧʵзѧЪѺ͹Ҫվͧ㹤ͶһСԪҡҶ١ѺǡѺͶѡŸ¡áзӷ索Ҵ.
  2. Է¢ͧԪͻѧռԴҴѹ͹Ԫͻ١Ǻ¡ѹ·Сѧámagisteriumͧǡ㹰ҹҨмԾҡҢͧͶѡŸСʶҡԪҡ÷١ѺǡѺͶѡŸ繡÷ش; 蹡ѹҷШ·šԪͻѡҢͨӡѴͧǡѹҧǡҵͧСѺѺǧͧ͢Ѻͧ͹authenticallyѡǪ͹ѹͧͶѡŸС繴͹ШͶ١èѺ繡÷ش.
  3. ѷԷء١͸ԺҶ١ӨӡѴռԴҴ¡ҹ١ʴ繷㨡ѹ.
ռԴҴ
ѡ͹ʹ750 Those things are to be believed by divine and catholic faith which are contained in the word of God as it has been written or handed down by tradition, that is, in the single deposit of faith entrusted to the Church, and which are at the same time proposed as divinely revealed either by the solemn magisterium of the Church, or by its ordinary and universal magisterium, which is manifested by the common adherence of Christ's faithful under the guidance of the sacred magisterium. ѧ鹷˹ҷա§ѧѷԷ͹ѹ. յླФӢͧ
ѡ͹ʹ751 ͡յѧͧûʸҷͤʧ¤ԧͧ١Ͷͷ繾ѧҧһ. ǡ͡յ͡ûʸê˹ҧͧͶchristian. ¨ӹǹ͡âͶ͹仹ѡǪ٧شͨҡõԴҪԡͧ觢ͧʶѺ. ͡յǡ͡յ¨ӹǹ
ѡ͹ʹ752 ámagisteriumͧǡ繴¢ͧͶ١ͧáҧʹҢͧʵԻѭФ㨨繵ͧ١ѷ***ѡǪ٧شԷ¢ͧԪͻ֧Ҿǡ㨻СѷŧӡѴԺѵԧҹлСȷͧͧͶѡŸ. ѧ鹤ʵӨѺͧǡա§ͧѹ˹ѹǡѹѷԤ駹鹡ѧ. ѷԷԪͻС
ѡ͹ʹ753 ǡ͹ºؤ㹡ûЪԡʹһШӪҵѧͶ١Ǻ¡ѹҷШԪͻ㹡õԴҪԡͧԷռԴҴ㹾ǡ͹ͤټ͹ҨͧͶͤʵҶ١ҡѧôŢͧǡ. ˹ҷmagisteriumѹͧԪͻͧǡ¡ҧʹҢͧԵ. ԪͻҨ餹
ѡ͹ʹ755
  1. §Сùӡ͹Ƿ·仨ش·͡ûѧóͧ͡Ҿҧchristians¤㨢ͧʵʶ˹ҷҧcatholicsѧǹСͺԷ·ͧԪͻǡʹá੾ҧ.
  2. ѹͧ蹡ѹѺºԪͻСûЪԡʹһШӪҵѧ͡Ҿѹǡѹ鹡Ѻͧ÷ҡ͡ʢͧʶҹó͡÷Ѵҹ繨ԧѹ˹ѹǡѹҨѴҷ١ҧúѧѺѭҷ٧شͧʶ.
͹Ƿ·
ѡ͹ʹ793
  1. 黡ͧмբͼ١ѹԷ͹ͧǡѹԴʶҹ. 黡ͧաԷ͡ԸҹҤö֡ҷͧͧǡʶҹóͧ蹢ͧǡ觷ش.
  2. 黡ͧԷԩ͡ʤͤ駹鹨ҡҧѧǡҡ֡ҷͧǡҨ繹͡ҡ.
֡
ѡ͹ʹ794
  1. ʶТҢͧ͹Ƿҧѹդзٵ繾Ңͧѧê¡Ҷ֧ͧԵchristian.
  2. ҷǧᵹͧԭҳзѧӡèѴҧӷ͡ʡ֡ҷ.
֡
ѡ͹ʹ797 黡ͧͧҾ繨ԧͧ͡ç¹ͧǡ. Ѻ˵ؼŹʵwatchfulҧ͹ҧѧѺҾѹͧ黡ͧʹͧѺͧâͧ繸ǡѺáШ·ǡ. ֡
ѡ͹ʹ798 黡ͧͧǡ价ç¹ҹ鹷ШѴҡ֡ҷͧǡ. Ҿǡöӹǡ˹ҷѺͧ֡ͧͧǡҹ͡ç¹. ֡
ѡ͹ʹ799 ʵӨС͡ʹִthatҧѧ·Ѻáٻͧ蹹͡ҡѴҡ֡ҷҧʹŸç¹㹤ѹ˹ѹǡѹ¨Ե㨴բͧ黡ͧ. ֡ҸóзͤҸԤҧ͹
ѡ͹ʹ1311 ʶԷԷѡɳ੾ТͧѹͧպѧѺ¡ö١ŧѺ¡ͧŧҭҤʵͺ. Ϳѧ
ѡ͹ʹ1314 ŧҭҤferendae sententiaeǹ˭ǤԴзӼԴзѹ١Ѵ. ѹ١ѡǹҧѵѵԷ褳м᷹ͧҧáѹlatae sententiaeҡ͡йҧШҧ. ŧҭ
ѡ͹ʹ1366 黡ͧʶҹͧ黡ͧ觼ҹͧǡҷ١ӾԸҧһͶ١Դ躹ʹҷѧҹ鹨繵ͧ١¡͡ŧҭҷ١ͧ. ֡ҷ¹
ѡ͹ʹ1370
  1. ѧѵ¡ѺѡǪѡǹâѺ͡ҡʹlatae sententiae١ʧǹǡʹá; ҼзӼԴͺҷǧŧҭѹաж١ѺâѺѰҹʹͧѺçǧͧáзӼԴ.
  2. ҤѺԪͻӹѡǹlatae sententiaeкҷǧҪѡǹlatae sententiae.
  3. ѧѵ¡Ѻäͺҷǧͷҧʹҹ͡ôٶ١ͤͶʶӹҨʶ͡зǧж١¡ŧҭҷ١ͧ.
ͧѧѵ¡Ѻҷǧ
ѡ͹ʹ1371 ҧҧж١¡ŧҭҷ١ͧ:
  1. ͹ѷԷ١ѡǪй¡鹡ҷ١Ƕ֧㹨ӹǹѡ͹ʹ1364 1˴·͡ûʸ١áǶ֧ ѡ͹ʹ752 ҷ͹ǡʹá͸ҡ͹;
  2. ͿѧӺѭҷ١ͧͧ͢ǡʹá͸ͼѧѺѭҡǷҧءԴͧФ㹡Ϳѧѧ͹.
Ϳѧͧ١ŧ
ѡ͹ʹ1372 ͧ·Է¢ͧԪͻҡͧͧѡǪж١¡. ١ŧɡâͧ
ѡ͹ʹ1373 е觢ͧͧФ´ͤ֡´ѧѺǡʹá͸ҧ֡ӹҨʶͧ͡зǧͷøͿѧѺǡ觢ͧж١͡ŧҭҷ١ͧŧ. ŧɼе´͡ͿѧѺʶ
ѡ͹ʹ1374 ҤἹἹ͵ҹʶͶ١¡ŧҭҷ١ͧ ŧҭҤͤͨӹѡҹҤ蹹Ͷ١¤. ͧäҸԤç
ѡ͹ʹ1375 ѴҧҾͧзǧ͡͡͡͡ѧͧѧʶ١ͧѡԷԹʶ͢筼Էͤ͡Ͷ١͡,Ҩж١ŧ¡ŧҭҷ١ͧáѧʶº͡зǧ. ʡѴзǧ
ѡ͹ʹ1376 ʺҷѵطѡԷѧѾ͡͹ж١¡ŧҭҷ١ͧ. Ҿѡʺҷ
ѡ͹ʹ1377 ÂȂ̡͹ѵԷ١͡͡Թʶж١¡ŧҭҷ١ͧ. ??
ѡ͹ʹ1364
  1. ȨҡͶ;ǡ͡յͼ駡ѹ㹤ԴͧʹҪѡǹâѺ͡ҡʹlatae sententiaeԷԢͧѴҢͧӹǹѡ͹ʹ194 1ӹǹ2; ҷǧҨж١¡ŧҭҷ١Ƕ֧㹨ӹǹѡ͹ʹ1336 1ӹǹ1 23͡ҡ.
  2. ҡôٶ١ͧǹҹçǧͧͧͩ¡ͧѹŧҭ蹤ж١ѺâѺѰҹ.
ǡ͡յͼ駡ѹ㹤Դͧʹ
ѡ͹ʹ1365 դԴЧѺǹ㹾Ըշҧʹofж١¡ŧҭҷ١ͧ. Ϳѧ
ѡ͹ʹ1367 ¹ʻժ١ѡԷͪѡǹâѺ͡ҡʹlatae sententiae١ʧǹǡʹáҨش·ѡԷ͡仾ǡѡҾǡ; ҷǧҨж١ѺâѺѰҹ¡ŧҭҺҧ蹹͡ҡ. ҧ¢ѧõԴ
ѡ͹ʹ1368 ж١¡ŧҭҷ١ͧ㹶ԷѭҺҧҧ͹úѧѺѭʶͺ繾ҹ. ٴʶˡ
ѡ͹ʹ1369 ж١¡ŧҭҷ١ͧ˵ءóҸóзa event͡ê¹١վͧҡԸբͧ÷ҧѧҧԧôͷѡŸҢͧЪҪ觢ʹѹͷԧŴ´鹢ͧѹ͡ôٶ١ʹʶ. ô͡ôٶ١ʶԴ¹
ѡ͹ʹ1390
  1. Ҥͧ¹ҾͧüԴ́DDD١Ƕ֧ѧѺѭʶѡ͹ʹ1387Դѡǹlatae sententiaeкҷǧҪѡǹ.
  2. ͧ¹ѧѺѭʶcalumniouslyͺҴ纪ͷշա˹ҧö١ŧ¡ŧҭҷ١ͧѺ.
  3. 蹻ҷ͡ҡöѧѺ÷ӡõͺ᷹.
ʹҤҸԤç ǹʹҤҸԤ
ѡ͹ʹ1391 çǧͧüԴ́DDDҧҧö١¡ŧҭҷ١ͧ:
  1. ѧСͺ͡ʶԴҸó͡¹͡ë͹觷ͧ͡1١ͧͶ١¹ŧ;
  2. ͡÷١ͧͶ١¹ŧҧͧʶ;
  3. ԷҧҧԴ͡ʶҸó.
ʹҤҸԤç ͡ûʹҤҸԤŧóԴ.
ѡ͹ʹ1393 ӼԴͼ١ѹ١Ѵ¡ŧҭö١¡ŧҭҷ١ͧ. Ϳѧ
ѡ͹ʹ1401 ʶյѹͧԷ㹡ü١Ҵ͵ѴԹ:
  1. ҷҧԧͧҧҹԵͼ١ԴŧѡԷͧ;
  2. ѧҽ׹ͧʶТͧèǹСͺͧ÷Ӻһ͡˹դԴШѴաŧҭʶͧ.
Է㹡ü١ҴѴԹͧҧʹŸ
ѡ͹ʹ1404 ѹ1١ѴԹ㨡 ѹллö١ѴԹ
ѡ͹ʹ1405
  1. 㹡ҷ١Ƕ֧ ѡ͹ʹ1401 ѡǪҹԷԵѴԹ:
    1. آѰ;
    2. Cardinals;
    3. ᷹ͱٵͧѹһҢͧǡʹáСҡŧҭҺԪͻ
    4. 蹷ʧǹͧͧ.
  2. ԾҡöǹͧػóѡǪ׹ѹ੾ӹҨͺѺ᷹ͧ͹˹ҹͧ.
  3. õѴԹ١ʧǹ÷:
    1. Ԫͻ㹡óտͧͧԷԢͧѡ͹ʹҨӹǹͧ1419 2;
    2. ҪҤ͸ԡ͸ԡ÷˭ҡêӹѡʧмԹԻ·٧شͧҤҧʹҢͧҷй;
    3. ࢵӹʹԨФʶѵͺ·ռѧѺѭҹ͡ҡѡǪ.
͵ѴԹͧͧȨҡԨó

ͧ˻ЪҪҵ181

1922Ťǹ˹觢ͧѡôá. ѹἹҧѭǡѺͧͧ٫Ѱͧ¤ʹ㨾. ѹӹҨͺѺ᷹ǡѺ䵹1922صἹͧ˻ЪҪҵ1948. 㹰ҹǹ˹觢ͧἹѹ(ǹIII)٫Ҩлͧ㹰ҹͧҧ10. ѧǧѹ¤ŧṹѴԹ͹Ҥͧͧ.

ӹҨͺѺ᷹ǡѺ䵹(ѹ25áҤ1922 ) )

ӹҨͺѺ᷹ҳࢵǹ˭ͧѤ㹻ѨغѹعҧѲҳл䵹١ŮաҢͧѹԺҵҵͺ14ͧҫҹԵչ鹷ѧ¹1920. õͧҧѧѰԡǡѺӹҨͺѺ᷹䵹١ԹԨҧ繼㹾Ҥ1922ж١ҢͧѹԺҵҵ͹ѵ. ӹҨͺѺ᷹ͻ䵹Ыռ繵ѹ29ѹ¹1922. ͡ѹѹԺҵҵԡѧ'Ǣͧҧѵʵͧ餹һ䵹''鹴ԹͻСͺͺдѺҵԢͧǡ㹻ȹ.'.

181 -ɰԨѧ˻ЪҪҵ181¡ͧѰѰѺҡ鹢ͧӹҨͺѺ᷹䵹 British-ruled. ѹ١͹ѵԺѹ29Ȩԡ¹1947աŧṹ§33㹵13ѺѹشԷ101. Զ١㹻䵹ѧѧ١Ѻ㹻䵹ѰѺʸѺ.

ŧṹ§
㹵: 33 -ºҫŻЪҡê٫S.S.R.᤹ҴҤʵԡһતഹҸóѰԹԡ͡ҴʡεͫŹźѡŹǫŹԤҡǹҹһҡٿԻԹŹഹùS.S.R.ǡѹͧҿԡѰԡҾµء๫.

Ѻ仹: 13 ѿҹʶҹͧ-ǺԻիԹҹѤźҹ͹ҡʶҹش«µá.

: 10 -ਹԹҪըչūҴ͸͹硫ҪҳҨѡ.

ͧ˻ЪҪҵ181ǹIII: ἹǡѺ٫ ǹͧἹ٫IIIѺ͡ҪѰӹҨͧҧȷͧͧ٫.

  1. ӹҨͧ
    ͧͧ٫ж١ҧ㹰ҹлŢҧӹҨͧҧseparatumж١ͧ˻ЪҪҵԻͧ. кͺͺ´Ũж١кطѺԴͺͧӹҨͧѺͧ˻ЪҪҵ.
  2. ͺࢵͧͧ
    شͧͧͧ٫ȺŻѨغѹͧ٫ҹӹǹҡ͵ѹ͡ҤФAbu Disͧ***; äͷشȷҧຸ; ѹش'Ein Karim(駡ࢵóТͧMotsa); 觡ҹShu'fat˹ͷشҧ١駷sketch-map١Դ(觷B).
  3. ҪѭѵԢͧͧ
    кͺͺ´Ťèзҧгյ㹢ͧ͹ѵԢͧἹѨغѹ5͹͹ѵԾҪѭѵԷ´ͧͧèâͧѴҢҧҧ੾ҧ:
    1. ͧѡѰ; ѵػʧ. ӹҨͧ㹷ͼ١ѹáù鹨ѵػʧɢҧҧ:
      1. ͻͧѹѡҤʹ㨷͡ѡɳҧҹԵзҧʹҷ١ҧͧͧͺѭѵԤͫʹѷԷվм§ͧ˭3ѹǡäšʵʹԡЪ; èѹѺͧthat¡ѹҾѹҾҧʹ੾ҧ,Ǻ٫;
      2. ʹѺʹعǡѺ§٤ҧ·ͧͧ㹤ʹ㨢ͧǡͧСʹѺʹعþѲҷºͧѹ觡ѹСѹҧǻ䵹ͧ2ҧҳࢵǴԹᴹ䵹; 蹤ҵá÷繡áҧͧþѲҢͧ·աѧ秷ʶҹóҡâͧЪԴҧҳࢵդͪ.
    2. ҡѰAdministrative-staff. ҡѰͧͧͧ٫ж١кͺͺ´觵դѺԴͺѹ. Ҩж١͡ɊÂĤسѵԾʹ㨪ҵ. ҧá͡ѧЪҡâͧѰѹѹ˹㹻䵹. ҡѰʴͧ˻ЪҪҵͧռžѧͧûͧ駡ҧǢͧҹ¹͡behalfͧǡ. Ҷ١administrative-staff١觻㹰ҹй·ҧ㹤¢ͧͧѵ100ж١͡ҷԹԧҡ¢ͧͧǹͧ͢䵹鹰ҹs¡ѧ. Ἱ´ǡѺͧâͧûͧͧͧж١ҡѰʹкͺͺ´ж١͹ѵѹ١ͧ.
    3. ûͧͧͧ
      1. ˹·ͧкûͧͧ㹴Թᴹͧͧ(ҹࢵûͧͧȺ)ʹءѺѧͧѰŷͧСûͧҧ.
      2. ҡѰ¹ФèʹἹǡѺá˹ͧ˹ͧɷѧСͺǹѺͧ٫ӴѺ¡þԨóСõѴԹ㨢ͧкͺͺ´. ˹ͧдԹҧǹȺŻѨغѹͧ٫.
    4. 蹤Ѵ
      1. ͧͧ٫ж١ʹ; 繡ҧҨлСж١ѡСáٻpara-militaryº͡Ԩ١͹حҵ㹪ᴹ.
      2. ÷ӡûͧͧͧͧմѹҧҨԧҨѧ٫Ͷ١Ѻ•s͡áǡ¢ͧǹ1ǹҡҢͧЪҡüҡѰաúѧѺѭҨҵá蹹鹷Ҩз繡ÿ鹤׹ԺѵԷռšûͧ.
      3. ê¼ҡѰ㹺اѡҢͧѡҡФʧº੾ҧ觡äѹͧʶҹѡԷҤ÷ҧʹʶҹͧͧѧǨɢͧѧҪԡж١ѺѤù͡䵹ж١͵. ӹҨҡѰҧ鹨ж١ѺѴǡѺҳ蹴Թ㹰ҹйҨШ繺اѡҢͧѧѹ.
    5. ͧ÷͡.
      ѰѭѵԷ١¼˭ͧͧ͡ǡѺҵԂɊÂԷԡŧṹҡ繤Ѻٻ᷹Ѵǹվѧͧ͡Сü١. ºҧáҵá÷ҧ¨СѧѴ͡ʡѴѴҷж١駷͹㹾ҪѭѵԢͧͧѧèС÷Ӥѭ˹͡ҡáзӷ繷ҧâҧ鹾ǡ. ҪѭѵԤèԷԤѴҹӤѭԹ͹ҨѴҷ١ҧԧ㹻¤˹ҼҡѰ. ѹèй͡ҡѺӹҨһСȺѭѵԷǤ㹡óǡҤԴӤѭԹӤѭԺѵԷ軡ԡûͧ.
    6. ûͧͧ繸.
      ҪѭѵԨШѴҡá˹ͧк躹õѴԹ͡ҪʹҢͧͧ. ·ͧͧФͷѹ觢ͧ.
    7. ǡѹɰԨкûͧҧɰԨ.
      ͧͧ٫١㹡ǡѹɰԨͧ䵹Сѧѧ˹ͧԨʹѭ١͡ҡǡѺõѴԹ㨢ͧдҹɰԨǵ. ӹѡҹ˭ͧдҹɰԨж١ҧ㹴Թᴹͧ. ҪѭѵԨШѴºͧͧɰԨѧӹҨͧͧǡѹɰԨɊÂġôŷҡѹЕsûѴ駻ѴҪԡͧͧ˻ЪҪҵоͧͧǡ.
    8. ҾͧüҹС: äǺͧ.
      觢ͧ仡þԨóҢͧ蹤ʴԡɰԨҧ١˹ҼҡѰҧùӷҧͧкͺͺ´ŤТͧ㹵Ҵѹзѡ㹪ᴹͧͧСѧ١ѺСѹѺͻЪҡâͧѺѰ. õ駶蹰ҹѹзѡ㹪ᴹͧͧ;ͧͧѰ蹨ж١ҡѰҧùӷҧͧкͺͺ´ŤǺ.
    9. ѹѺѺѰ. ᷹ͧѺѰǨж١觵駼ҡѰͧͧж١èءعäѹͧʹ㨢ͧѰͧǡоͧǡѺûͧҧȢͧͧ.
    10. Ҫ.
      úԤԺ٤ФҪâͧͧ. ͧѹͧҷӧҹ1ҡҷҨж١ͧ.
    11. Ҿͧ.
      All the residents shall become ipso facto citizens of the City of Jerusalem unless they opt for citizenship of the State of which they have been citizens or, if Arabs or Jews, have filed notice of intention to become citizens of the Arab or Jewish State respectively, according to Part 1, section B, paragraph 9, of this Plan. кͺͺ´ŤèзӡèѴҧ͡äѹʶҹŢͧЪҡâͧͧ͡Թᴹ.
    12. FreedomsͧЪҡ
      1. 觢ͧҹ令ͧâͧ¡ҸóѡŸ¢ͧͧж١ѡҤԴԹͧԷªfreedoms鹰ҹҾͧԵ㨴ʹСѡҡ֡§ٴСêҤСͧء.
      2. ûѴ駻ѴҢͧԴѧ١ҧ·鹴Թͧ觢ѹʹ.
      3. ͧж١ûͧҧҤͧ.
      4. ¤ͺʶҹҾͧҡЪФʹ㨷ҧʹҢͧǡҷ駡úԨҤǹǨж١þ.
      5. Ҩж١ͧͺاѡҢͧ¡ҸóѰŷҵáè١͡մѹʡѴѷͧҧ·ҧʹ͡ŢͧͺѭѵԤͷ͡Ѻ᷹Ҫԡͧҧҹ鹴ԹͧʹҢͧͪҵ¡.
      6. ͧѺͧҢͧǡͧʹͧѺյླշҧѲͧǡзӤѭѸ֡ͪѺЪǵӴѺ. ԷԢͧѡç¹ͧѹͧ֡͡ҢͧҪԡͧѹͧҢͧѹͧйҨШѴҵͺʹͧͧ÷ǡѺ֡蹹鹢ͧ·㹰ҹͧ١ʸ١ѹ. 觡ҧҧǡѺ֡Ҥèзӵ仡Ԩͧǡ҂ɊÂԷͧǡ.
      7. ͨӡѴ١ѴաͧͧͧѧǹǡþҳԪʹҡ觵վ캹ªԴͷûЪҸó.
    13. ʶҹѡԷ
      1. ԷʶҹѡԷҤ÷ҧʹʶҹ١ʸ١ѹ.
      2. Ҷ֧ʶҹѡԷҤ÷ҧʹʶҹС͡ѧբͧѡШж١ִ㹡͹ѺԷ觢ͧѺͧâͧ¡ҸóФ١ͧ.
      3. ʶҹѡԷҤ÷ҧʹʶҹж١ѡ. áзӨ١͹حҵ***ǵФ÷ѡԷͧǡйҨзӡǷҧ. ͹ҷҡѰʶҹѡԷШҤ÷ҧʹʶҹѧ㹤ͧâͧë觴ǹҡѰͪǢͧͷë蹹. ҡѰжѹͧͧ͡¡¢ͧͪǢͧҡáз١ҷ˵.
      4. ü١ը١ѧͺѴͧҧäͧͧǡѺʶҹѡԷ͡¡Ҥ÷ҧʹʶҹ. ¹ŧ㹡úѧԴͧü١蹹鹨١ҧ***йҨ¡ҢͧͼͺͧͧʶҹѡԷҤ÷ҧʹʶҹ͹ҨҧҢͧ蹹ͼͺͧ㹵˹觷蹪ͺҢͧͧ˹ѧѺͧͧêǡѺüѡշ.
    14. ѧѧͧҡѰǡѺʶҹѡԷͧǹͧ䵹Ҥ÷ҧʹʶҹ.
      1. äѹͧ֡ѡԷͧͧ٫Ҥ÷ҧʹʶҹ褧ФͤǧͧҡѰ.
      2. ǡѺʶҹ蹹鹷䵹ͧ͡ҤʶҹҡѰèеѴԹ㨨ѴҢͧçҧͧѺѰǷ䵹ѧ͢³ԷԷҧʹҷѧԴ仴·ç鹶١ءҧСѧ١þ鹴Թͧѧ١çҧͧѰͧ.
      3. ӹҨӡõѴԹ㨂ɊÂԷ㹡ofмҡѰ§ѹ˹ҨоѲǡѺʶҹѡԷǹͧ䵹Ҥ÷ҧʹʶҹҧҧʹᵡҧ;ԸբͧҧʹҨй͡ҡ١Ѻ. ˹ҷѹҹҨж١᷹ͧͧ͢ԡµҧѹѧԺѵԧҹ㹤ö֡Ҫ.
  4. ҢͧӹҨͧ
    ѡúѹ֡ҧ鹨оҪѭѵԷ١кͺͺ´ŷҧгյռѧѹ1Ҥ1948. ѹ觷㹡ѧҧáҪǧҢͧ10վкͺͺ´ѹè繷ѺСõǨͺͧѴҹѴǡ. ѧآͧǧѹἹ÷觢ͧͺкͺͺ´łlĻʺó١ѹԺѵ. ·ѧҹͧٴʴʧͧǡǡѺôѴŧͧӹҨͧͧͧ¡ŧЪ.

͵ŧҧѹллҨ칾IIҿѵ

͵ŧҧҵԡѹЪǻ䵹觾ҺѺ׹Ҿͧ ͧ˻ЪҪҵԷ¡ûͧɢͧ٫181(ǹIII ). ἹѹѹллʹҶ١Ѵ㹰ҹ÷ѴӹҨͧ٫ͧ˻ЪҪҵäѹ÷.

ѹ15Ҿѹ2000ɳ٫§ҹҹ:

ҿѵиҹ͡ѹѹллҨ칾IIҵԡѹѹŧ÷繺÷ѴҹѹҧӹҨǡѺ䵹ʶѹҷԡ٫͵ŧ.

͵ŧ駡Ѻʶҷԡͧ¡ͧǡѺ䵹ǡѺͧ.

ҿѵѧ鹷Դͧ٫١зԴӹҨ٧شҵԡѹͧ҅

ӹҨǡѺ䵹ǡҶ֧͵ŧ٫ѺǹӹҨǡѺ䵹줧繴¡ѺҧͧҧͧҧʹUN 181



˹ѹлһҴѧ仹ӹҨѵͧʶҷԡͧûŴ»䵹(: PLO)᷹ͧ餹ǡѺ䵹͹ѺѺӹҨǡѺ䵹:

ҧشʹҹ¾ɢͧԹᴹ䵹ͪͧҧ١ԷԾ͡ʹinter-religiousҧѹͧͧʹҫʹѷԷվм§ͧ3ѹ੾ҧ;

ǹѵʵСþѲҢͧѹҧ˹ѹлһм餹ǡѺ䵹駼ͧʧ繼ͷӧҹСá˹ѧҡ á˹ѹ26Ҥ1994 -ͧѹ繷ҧҧ˹ѹлһPLO;

֡׹ѹá˹ͧҡѹ
м᷹ӧҹ˹¹лѭҷͧ͹ѹʹҧäͧ2ѹ;

׹ѹա駤ͧͺѹҾ١ͧФͺ㹵ѹ͡ҧͻȹ鹷Ե㹰ҹ͹ҹЧҹ¡ѹкءþѲФԭҤҧԧ¹;

¡ͧӵͺºͧǻ䵹 Ѵ駪Ūǻ䵹ҨԷԷͺ¡дѺҵ͹ѹФͷҹͧ餹ǡѺ䵹Ҷ֧õͧТ͵ŧѺͧѹҾФ蹤ҧҳࢵҤɊÂġ¹ҹһͧ˻ЪҪҵԷԤդ蹤鹤繸ФصԸ;

СҤӵͺصԸͧѭҢͧ٫躹鹰ҹҧȾ鹰ҹѺѹҾ١ͧФ㹵ѹ͡ҧСõѴԹ㨷Сáзӷ¹ŧФ÷ʶҹҾͧ٫öѺ morally;

ѧ¡ͧҪѭѵԾ٫ѧ١ѺСѹǡѺҧѹѡҢҧҧ:

  1. ҾͧʹШԵ㨴ͷ.
  2. ФѴ͹¢ͧʹҫʹѷԷվм§ͧ3ѹ
    ʶһҢͧǡпѹͧͧ.
  3. ҧǡѹеФâͧͧuniversally鹷ѡԷ
    ôӤѭзҧʹзҧѲ.
  4. ʶҹѡԷҾͧҶ֧仾ǡСѡзǡ.
  5. ӹҨͧͧ'ҾѨغѹ'ʶҹѡԷҹ鹷ѹء;

ѧѺҪǻ䵹ǡѺѧѴҧʹҢͧǡҤҪԡҡѹͧѧǡѺ䵹;

صthat稢ͧм᷹ӧҹҡѹѹ֡ҧ㹵͹ӹǹѴͧѹ1Т͵ŧͧ鹷鹰ҹ繢ͧФþѲҷ١ӵ仢ͧѹѨغѹ͹Ҥͧǡthe
˹Ңͧм᷹˹ҷѧ仁A



繾ͧҧҧ:
1
˹1: PLOҴѭҷùʹѺʹعѧࡵҾͧʹШԵ㨴բҧʹ㹻ԭҡҴԷªػóҧ蹷§ء.
˹2: ˹ѹлһҪҴѭҢͧʶҷԡʹѺʹعѹѰա˹觤þthatʶҷԡѺѹͧͧʹ.
2
˹1: äͧ١ͺͨѴä㹤þԷªǹؤ˹㹵ٻẺͧûѴ駻ѴСäء仪ԵФõǡѺ͹鹢ͧФͧͧҧЪ.
˹2: äͧдԹʹѺʹعʹҷҧʹҽѧȾ͡͹鹢ͧ㨷աҷ餹ͧʹҵҧѹ.
PLOѺͧШлͧѹѴͧԷԾͧͧЪҡ÷੾੾ҧ觾ǡ㹡ǡѺ䵹3
˹ҾҡûѴ駻Ѵ鹴Թͧѹ
ѧѴҧʹҤ͡ûԺѵ.
ӹҨͧͧ'ҾѨغѹ'ж١ѡШж١ѧࡵʶҹѡԷʵҹ鹷ѹء4 .
PLOѧҾͧʶҷԡͨѴԷԢͧͷ˹ҷͧШյླҧҹǡѺä͡÷ҧҹԵ㨷ҧʹѡŸ㨡ҧǡѺ֡С÷ҧѲԸշ5 .
PLOѧԷԢͧʶҷԡͧɰԨкѭ6 : Էҹѧ١ѴԷԢͧҧǡѺ䵹㹷˭ҹ㹤ͧͧ.
ҧٻẺ 7 ж١ؤԡͧʶҷԡйԵԺؤŁmjuristicpersonn㹡ǡѺ䵹.
ѴҢͧ͵ŧѹ١ա㹡ѧҧäͧѹѹ˹оäͧ蹡ѧԷԢͧ͵ŧ֧Ѵ8 .
9 м᷹ӧҹҡѹʹͧѺԸҧҨж١ҧТͧäͧ2ѹҨʹǷҧ͡Ǣͧ͢͵ŧѹ.
10 ÷ǡѺõդѧҡͻءͧѴҢͧ͵ŧѨغѹäͧж١ѭҼҹû֡ҷ觡ѹСѹѹ.
١Ҵ2ѹѧЪѺ鹩Ѻͧ͡ѹ11 . ਹ鹩ѺѧɤС.
12 ͵ŧѧҡҷչ鹢ͧͪ͹¾äͧ2ѹ.

١ŧҵԡѹ15ͧҾѹ2000

ѡɢͧʧйѡúԴ

ʶҹҾͧtaliban fighters١Ѻʧ͡¡ѺͧOsama LaudenѧѴԹҡѴਹͧ. Ѱԡ¡ǡ'ѡúԴ'ͧ˻ЪҪҵ¡ǡ'ѡɢͧʧ'. ŵҧҧ÷ռѹҧȢͧǡ?

ѡúԴм١ ١ҷùͧ͡ẺᾷҷǧЪǺҹ繻. ǡҹ͡ҡ١Ѱԡҹҵ仹:

ǹؤŷǨͺºͨǹµçʶҹóʧ. ѡúԴ¤ѵطͧǢͧ㹰ҹйѡú. Ҷ١ѺǡҤж١ͧж١ŧ.

¹ҹһѡͷ:

  1. ͧ١Դءҹ
  2. ôŷ¸
  3. ͧصԸèءعáзӼԴ

ѡɢͧʧ ١ҵ仹͹ѭҡاਹѹ3:

  1. ҪԡͧͧѾ١ѺҧѴ
  2. Ҫԡͧþ͹ҪԡͧѷǹӡѴѤ蹷͹䢢ҧҧ:
    1. 蹢ͧդѺԴͺǡѺѧѺѭҢͧ;
    2. 蹢ͧջ·ըش蹷ѧ١Դ蹷訴·зҧ;
    3. 蹢ͧᢹҧҧ;
    4. 蹢ͧôԹáôԹâͧǡʹͧѺҡâͧʧ.

ʶҹҾͧѡح١͡ǹ ѡحѹФ蹤ԴʶҹҾͧѡح١͡ǹ㹡è. ҧѴਹѧ͡ǹѧö״Ҥ繸¤Ѵਹͧѹ. з觡áз㹵㨢ͧسöѴêǧҷǤмҹ. 觡ҹ鹡ûЪGeneveaС¹ҹһȡѺ÷ҹҧѴਹ㹡áзӢͧ2001ᾷͷѰԡ. ѧͧ÷ҨԴ鹷С͡ǹѡح?

áǡҨعçȨҡظҴѧ鹾ǡö١㹰ҹйѡɢͧʧ. ͹ѭҡاਹء. ҧá繢ͧǡѺ÷ӹСþٴ͹Ҷ١ҨТö硫ػä. ǻȷѷԻЪҸԻҧ᤹ҴҽԧԹŧɹԾҧʹ㹰ҹСäء令ͧͧҸó.

2ǡö¡㹰ҹйѡúԴҾǡҨ١Ҿӧҹ. ҧáҾӨӡѴСáзӤö١ҧҷѧâͧԴҹ. ¡ͧҧ蹾ʹͧҡþٴͧҧʹҢͧ'ѴҧѹҾ'. ҹ͡ҡö١纡ûʸʴԡâͧӹǹҡѹҧ㹪Դͧä'ѺѰ'ҧ. ʶҹҾ蹹鹤÷ӷͧ͡áзӵǨ觢ͧ.

㹷ش觤ö١¡衮¾ͧСáзӼԴ㹰ҹҪҡѭ觢ͧ. ҹҨзз觶١ͺ衮٧ѰöʸѺԴͺǡѺеҡͧ. ҧáʶҹó桮¹ҹһǡѺôŢͧѡɤûءҪѭѵԢͧ2001ᾷͷٴԩй.

èͧҾ

ͧ͢ҤҶ١ʶҷԡӷػóǺš1ѹͧѰͧӹҨҧͧͧѰԡ. ʶѹСѧԴͧѧѰзѹ繡ѧҧʹҤѰ. ŷʶ͵ҹѷԤǹʵ쨹зѹѹö١ʶǺ. ͡ҡѷԤǹʵѷԷҾըԧҧе.
ʶἹִѰѷԻЪҸԻ.

  1. ִûżŷ͡¡ŧṹ§ӹǹҡ¼šзµç仼ԵźҾͧʹ
  2. ͡ǹʹҤṹ§ҧ---ҡǡ(Դԡҷչѹ. also).
  3. ִ֡ҸóҹʹҤҸԤ(㹻Ȣͧԡǡ͹ҹʹҤҸԤѡмзǧѺԴͺ㹤Դ͡·ͧš).
  4. ͡ǹЦҧѺ. 㹢йѹѧҨйêͧ蹡ä3Ǽ»зǧʶٷԴҡ觨ҡ.
  5. ͡ǹЦҧҧ. ͢Ѵ觡ʶ١ǹ˹觢ͧ.

Էԡ͡ǹ

Encyclicalͧѹллҷ͡1864١Է Pius X:
ʶҷԡ͡ǹ ҷͤԴѹաѧѵ·ͨѹ ʶҷԡͨӡѴͨ͡ǹ? ʶҷԡͨӡѴ;ĵԡբͧ." ѹѹ24ѹҤ1908

'ʶҨзִҷ繾ҷԹͧǡ͡յѡѧͧǡлйԧǡ.' ҵԡѹ"II

سRaywood Frazier˹ѧ'ӤҸԤСáз'ѡҹͧûѵ÷ҧ㨢ͧԡᵹмͤҷԡäբͧѭԡҡ1949֧1953. ʶҷԡաôŢͧѰ㹤¢ͧʶСáӨѴûѡҧͧͧҷ͡1000ҡ--١ԧеͶ١͹Ͷ١͹. Ҿٴѡҹͧ١ش60000ҡ. ѹллPius XIIҧŻиҹҸԺբͧ1ѹͧҧŷ٧شʶҧ·١ԭ͵ҧ鹢ͧͶͤҸԤ." (5960˹)

¤ͧѹҷԡ仡ùʹͤ駹ʹѧ仹: ǹʵ"ӨѴʶҾǡҤѵ٢ͧ; ҷԡӨѴʶҾǡҤ͹ͧ҅ Ѻ蹹 ¡͵ʶ ҷԡеԹԡҹҨоѲ紾ǡ." "J. Oberlander§ͧҾ1954 20˹.

͸ԡúբͧҤҸԤͧH.M.A. BaudrillartШҧȹԢͧʶмӢͧ͡ûѵ. ҡ'ҷ١Шѹ˹ҡѺ͡յ''㨡þٴҹС駢ͧ觷ǡѺŸ͹§ԷͺѧѺŧɷҧͷԴءҹ.'. ʶҷԡؤ鹿ŻѲѷᵹ˹182-183

Ҿ㹡ùѺʹѹ

'Ҿ㹡ùѺʹ§˹ʹз觷ҢѴҧöռźѧѺʶҷԡȨҡѹ.' Ԫͻ"ͧPittsburg O'Conner.

'ЪҸԻ¤ͤѹѹ·ʶҷԡͺͧ.' ԨóͧBrownson.

Ҥҷԡ֧Ѵӹǹҡ繵ާ㹻ȹҾҧʹҷ. ѧѵ٢ͧҾٴ; ѧҢͧغҢͧԪͻ¢ͧૹ believe The" - Shephard.

'1§ЪҸԻ·͹ʹҤҸԤͧѹлл'"šҸԤҤ1937.

شѡҧͧ"С鹷vastly١ҷԡм¤ҸԤ㹻ȹ͹ ѹʴ֡¢ͧѷᵹ." šҸԤ"Ҥ193566˹

'ѰԡҤͻȷѴҹöաѹ.' 'ᴧԧͧԤ⡷١ҧ㹹Եѹ5ԧҤ1955Strich'

ѲѴҹһҳèͧ͡鹅 ҷöѰԡ繡äͤҸԤ㹤͡͡¤ҸԤ㹤繸شش?" "F. X. TalbotóҸԡâͧԡҹԵùѡѪҷ繷ҧŧóѰԡҷçѹ14ѹҤ1930

зçҧ

㹻лѺʹ2˹ѧѹõԷѹһһзҹ˹ҷ٧ͧӹѡͧͧ૿H. BradyʹŮաѰԡҼԴҴ㹡õѴԹǡѺ'¡ͧʶѰ.'. Ҿٴ: 'ͧóͧçҧѹ鹡Ѻʹҡ¹ŧ㹺ؤҡŷ٧شͧҺҧն١ͤ.' ŧ¹ѹ23Ҥ1955.

"çҧö¹йԡ”ҸԤѧҨ§ش蹹ҧͧͧǡҡҨС繴Թԧдǡ. ǡҡѺѰҸԤҨաäѹ?" Ѱʶ˹3839ѹ͹حҵѴͧᴧԧHayes.

'ʶҷԡ㹻ѹͧ׹ҹʹԹǧҹͧͶ֧ٻẺͧѰŻҸóѰͧ.' šҸԤ¹193512˹. "

ǡҤҷԡءҹ仺ءءҧ͹ѧ˹㹡ûͧͧҹͧ ҷԡ÷ӷ㹡ѧͧǡҷԴçҧͧѰС͡·١¹ẺѷԢͧʶ繨ԧ." EncyclicalͧXIII".
ѹ7ѹ¹1947ѹллPius XIIСҤ駹'͡з͹ҧἹͼҹ㹷ҧʹз˭ҷŸ͡áзҶ֧.'. Ҿٴú㹷˭ҷҧʹŸѧѴԹҡش5ش: ѲҧʹҷѡԷͧѹҷԵûѴͧͺǤʵ繸ҧѧФѵФѵdealings." ǻШͧ"(ͪԧѹD.C.)ѹ8ѹ¹1947

·ءм˭ԧ㹵͹仡úԡ÷繾ФҶҾѹ١ȹþѡ͹(ѹҷԵ)е͹зӹ¡úԡöӶ纻Ǵͺͧ1á¨ѴҢͧǡФ§͵ѧѻ; ¤§ҷ2й͡ҡ١; 觡ҹ鹷3ءҹªԵ.!!!" PolitiqueСФ觡繾ʧҳҹԤ: á١еǷҹҡءҼǴҧ ҼǴѹ24Ҥ1610

ŧóͧҡдѺǺŹѴҤʺԧ. ¹ºԪͻйçҧѺѧ¡ͧʶѰ. ''᷹ǡʹ'鹷¡鹤ö١ҺͧäҧѰʶҷԡ.'. TIME'ѧѺȹ'ѹ20Ҥ1991'5ҨФͧиҹ'40˹

ԡᵹ繾ͧԺѵѹҷԵ

ӷѴҹ㹵͹鼹ǡѺҷԡ㹻еŴ仿鹤׹¸. ǡǷҧ͹1ǷҧʹԹǧ͡äǺͧ֡п鹤׹ѧͧѹҷԵ.

÷ǡҾҴ繤;ǡҨж١ٴ׹㹡ûżоǡҨբͧҢͧѡҤͧ͢ǡͧաҡѺǡҾǡҵͧդԴǡѺèҧͧ͡餹.

ͧѹʹǷҧǡѺç㹰ҹСʶһҾͧѡѹҷԵء. 蹤觪ҵԢͧ¡ͧôŷе鹻Ъҡ÷շ㹺اѡҢͧþѡ͹ԡѹͧ. ѹҷԵ졮µͧ١Ժѵ." ѡ'١ҧҡѺ'١èçҧͧͧ÷á١ҧԧ㹾ѹԵâͧѹͧ§ҹѹ25 (1913) 6˹(ҹ鹶١¡ҡǡѹþѡ͹ԡѹ)"

зٵͧѹԵäʵ. ѹ繵ͧ,ع¹ʵʹԡ1ૹ駪1ѹաҤǹشзǹ٧ش᷹ǹҧͧкҧͧͧ҅ ѹԵäʵФ͡ѧաѧشҧͧԡҡèͧѹ." 觡ҹ"աŧṹ§§ͷûȹ ҷ餹ٴ'we've§觡ҹ'ҡѧִ!" ᾷ"Robertson A

ӹҨͺѺ᷹кͺûͧѹлһ

'ӹѡҹǨͺ÷ӼԴѡʹ'ͪͷǺҹ¡ѹǡѺӹѡҹҡ׺ǹشҡ͹⤹ǡ͡յ. ѧѹСѺ÷úǹͧѹллҶ١ʹҤʵԡѹҷԤҧchurch-stateš.

ԴͧӹѡҹǨͺ÷ӼԴѡʹҷáѺʴ١Ӣͧ׺ǹҨФǺйҨз. й'ӹѡҹǨͺ÷ӼԴѡʹ'Ѻѧ. ѹҹ鹤ͪͶ١¹. ѹллҨ칾IIѧͧ㹡êغԵ. Ҩ˵ؼŤҧѺöRatzinger駹§˹ǡäͧʶҷԡ͹ҡѷԤǹʵͺҷǧbacksliddenСԨѵâͧǡ. ҧá˵ؼ§ѭҳ͹ѵػʧͧ칾IIԹ'ӹҨͺѺ᷹ͧ'ҧchurch-statešлͧҡԷѹҷԡẺ.

ԹMalachiʹ''˹ѧͧ͢'حᨢͧʹѹ'ͧдѺʶѹллҨ跹к͹кѴҹͧͧ. 㹨칾IIšѧࡵӹҨعçСѺҡѧԴҴԹäµç͹ҧ˹Ǥ;ǡ͡յͼԴŸ. ͡ҡҧç˹ҡ͹кͺûͧѹлһҢͧҨ칾II÷ͧ㹪ͷҤʵ'ӹҨͺѺ᷹ʹ'Ҩʧ.
ҢͧҤêҷ. Kathleen R. HayesҾѹ1991NRI 3˹

سоԴҹ˹ѧͷá˹137 287 345 492493

ǡѺ鹡حᨡþѡ͹

駨ҷ駢ҧҧж١ͤѹҧѧͷԴҡõդͧ÷ӹѡҢͧþѡ͹. á㹷ӹ͡зӹҨͧ. Ҥöҧҹ鹡÷ӹš.

  1. 鹷˵ءóͧѹ11ѹ¹СúѧԴ蹢ͧعçǡѺѺԴͺԹͪҵ. ֧Ҥس͡ѧnonҾѧ蹾ä蹾ǡͧ¢ͧԹͪҵԨж١Ӷ١ͧ͹͹Ѻ.
    ӹѡҵԡѹ(AP)-- ͡ҵԡѹ͸Ժ¤ҧûйѡͧʹҤʵ ofӵͤӷɮաŵѡ㹰ҹкԴ͹ѹ ѧ㹺ҧͧҨзԴԹͪҵ . D.ӹѡAP

    FCC͡ʶҹ÷ȹ noncommercialǡѺ֡ѧ㨤ǺҡʹͷѹѺ˹觶١طйӷҧʹҢͧͧҧʹҷ١Ѻ繡ǹФ¹ʹŧó
    â¤ͶͶ١¡㹰ҹСáзӼԴ鹵Դª͵͹. ʹҷҧ͡աҾǡ繴¡ѺǢͧ''(¹ҪԡͧѹСѹ). ǡ˾ѹѰ·价㹹鹾ǡպҷǧadministrative-functions.
  2. ͺᵡ¡ ͺǷ«ٵͧͧǁB͹ͧҨж١Ἱй蹤سäҶҤسѡͧ¾ͧ˭ԧͪԵͧسҡ. سͧӤѭʵѧ˹ҷ.
    ҧáʶҷԡͧ¹¹躹鹰ҹ駤駹 ׹ѹѹ觤ͺ.
  3. 蹤觪ҵ 蹤觪ҵԷѧѡҾѡԷѹҷԵ١١Դҹ. ѹͧâҴŹҫФ鹵͡ѹͧҹѹҧѹҷԵþѡ͹ŧԹҧ١. ҧѹѧҧ躹ѹҷԵ١١Դҡ÷Դ蹤觪ҵѹ. ҹҧǡҤ׹վ.

ǧԹ»

ôçҧ繷ҧ㨻Ҿҧʹª. سͧǨͺԴèԧ㹡ûԺѵ. Ⱦ˵ؼŢشҡ͹⤹ʹҤṹ§ҧ¡õͧʹŧ¹ ŧ¹ѧѧѹ÷ҧ. ѧŷҡûЪ͡͸ɰҹúԡ仡лͧСѧԴ㹨ѺͻԺѵԡҧԴ.

դ դҡѧ١͡ǹǹ·ҧʹʶҹҺͧçҧͧʶҹ11ٴ:

'ءբµͧ͡˹ͤͺҧʹҢͧͧʹԹáѧʹӾѧ㹡ҤѺԹʹ;ٴСШ¤ͷ§Ѻͺҧʹзҡѧ㹡ʴͧҹͧҧʹҾԸաоԸ.'

ǹ·ҧʹ ǧǹ·١觨ҡǹ·ҧʹҤ͢ҧҧ:

  1. ŧ¹ ŧ¹ͧʶǹؤСԨӡѴҵͧâͨӡѴ蹹鹷ʶѧ١蹪. 㹡㺡ǡѺŧ¹ѹŧ¹.
  2. ԴѴͧ'ªͧѰ ' "١Թաõդ·***. ǡִ'¡Ҹó'ѧ١ਵ. ҹӨӡѴҷ躹鹰ҹԨѵâͧʹҷѧ١蹪'ûԺѵԷҧʹ'. յҧѹͧҽ׹.

ʹ Ҿ
ٴҹ ÷¾תѹʵ÷;ԡáâ׹繷. ѧѧطͧʧ.
Myannmar Ҿ
᤹Ҵ ҷԡ ´¡áзӼԴѺ'е´鹷ҧʹ'
ԧ طʹ 1992 @ͧͧҧʹҡáз. ѹ͹حҵѧԨóͧʹ
ҪҳҨѡ ͼѺ͹ԡ¤¹ ػСҼԴ´鹷ҧʹҶ١͡仡á͡µçСáзӼԴкŤ蹤١240-141Ңعҧѧɷ. ѧ١ʹ͡ѹ.
ҷԡ ¡'ǡѺӤѭԹPicard'ͧ÷ҧʹһҳ170ѹ (2001). 㹰ҹТҧҧä졮ѹͧբͧ'èѴзӷҧҹҷ'áǶ֧Ԩ'ѹѺѵͧؤԡ''ѹ¡Ҹó'. ѹ觢ͧѧõդСáӨѴǹ·ҧʹҡѧ١ਵ.
ҷԡǡԡԹ ¡Ѻԡ·ҧʹ.
ի µç ¹èŧ¡äѧһѺСäǺѺҡش1. ԩйҾͧʹҶ١͹حҵ㹺13ӹǹͧçҧի2.
ʡ͵Ź ͼѺ͹ԡ¤¹ Ѱʡ͵ŹѧԨóҡ'Ҩз´鹷ҧʹaggravationͧáҪҡѹ˹'
ѧ ʵʹԡ ҧСáѺԡ·ҧʹѹ'͡ûҹҹͧûͧѹͧҧѧѺšзҧҹԵ㨷ѧԴfreedoms鹰ҹѹ.'.
Թ Թ 蹢ͧѷԪҵԹʹԹٷԴѧѺʵʹԡժѧҡ֧·ѵ¢ͧʶ¹١ѧѺѷԹ٢ͧʵʹԡҡæҺҷǧТ׹ͧҧ.
µç ѰѰ٭˹ҷѧʵʹҷԴ㹻ȵҧǹ˹觢ͧҳҨѡѹѹ͡. ǹ·ҧʹʶҹҾСѧջʺóعç.
´ Ҿըԧ ʶѴҹ١СҼԴ. ʹҷջѭ.
˹ Ҿըԧ ʶҹԹҳ500ѹҪԡ90000·蹶١͡ǹ
չ Ҿըԧ Ծҧʹ檹Դѧ١͡ǹ.
Ѥ ûѴ駻ѴҺҧ.
ѿҹʶҹ ǹµͧͧ·˹Ҽҡͧǡͻ͡.
ҹ 繷(ѧѺäһdz). ǡ͡յ¹ʹѹաèŧ¼ªԵ. ¹ŧ繷ʵʹҷءҹûѴ駻Ѵ. ʹҤṹ§ҧջʺóûѴ駻ѴʹҡèҧС֡.
Ǿط çҧLaossѴҾͧѡʶ١ԴҪԡʶѹ·ҡк͡׹١ѧѺŧз駤Ͷͧ͢ǡ͡ѹ٭¢ͧСäͧվ. 餹١ѧѺ㹷ع͹СحͷҡôŤ֧֡俷١.
ʶҹ ǹ·ҧʹöѺ͸ɰҹ. ʶ١ѹ֡ҧ繷ҧäǤͪʶ
Ի ʹҶ١˹ѵûЪҪдѺҵ. ǹ·ҧʹҶ١¡ʹЧҹ.
á ҾҧʹѺСѹçҧзǧǹ鹢鹵͹ÿͧͧ͡Թҧѧͺ¡¢ͧʶҹͧѡз١ʶѴҹҳ40ѴҹͧͻԴʶҹ١Ѵ. 衮·١ǹ·ҧʹ੾зӡèѴբ鹡ûЪҸó'ŵ;ҹҤ÷١ʹ͡'Դ.
ҡʶҹ ¡ô蹷Ҵó÷ҧ'ͷѡԷҼӹѡԷѴ.'µçͷҧɶ֧ͨӤءʹԵ.
ҫѤʶҹ µç ʹҩѺҧѹ31Ҥ2002ѧѧ١ԵҨѰšҧʹunregistered. ͹حҵͧáԨҧ֡ҷҧʹԪѹշ١ŧ¹.
ش ѡҸóͧҡʹ蹶١ҧѡ¡١͹حҵ. ҡѡǹǡѧ١Ҷ١͹حҵʶҹ١Ǩ鹶Թ仾ǡҡ繶١ѡͨӹǹҡ.
٫ມʶҹ ʹҵͧŧ¹ҹлʸ. ѧǹ¶١㹰ҹйѡɮعçҧʹзִͺǢͧǡҷ١ǨԪó.
硫 ҷԡ ǹ·ҧʹ੾ҧѰҧChiapasOaxaca.
µç ʶµçѧ͡ǹ
ҷԡ ҹͧ20ѹ١Դ·ҫ繡÷Ѻѧ
Ҿըԧ 27͹ͧ¢ͧ1997ʹҷʹͧ÷ҧʹҷǷŧ¹ѹ31ѹҤ2000÷ӵáӨѴûѡҧͧ4
乨 ʵʹԡ Shariah. Christian churches burned
ʵ ʵʹԡ ʶʵͺǷ١vandalized.

ʶҹԹ

ѹ١зѺͤԴǡѺԸԸդǺͤѴ͹Ҷ֧仢ͤ. ǷҧǷشж١ش͡ѧͺͤ١¹鹤Թ.

͵ѧ10ѹ. ͧ訴õѴҤҷ鹹ѹ. ͩѹ١зѺͤԴǡѺǷҧ͡ʶҹ©ѹѡѹҷǢͧѺطҧءءͧͧʶ. ʹաÿͧͧͧԴԢԷѺ()ȨҡԹԨͻԹҢͧ٭仸áԨ§÷Դö١ѺͧѾѵ(͡Ф)СûԴͧҹԹ絷١Թúèҡͺ. ·١ҧѧuntruthfuláԨ١Ǩ鹩ѺѹҤᾧ. 㹡úµСط'churchպҧѧ騹äͧǡѺäѧзз觾³ǡ.
֧ҡÿͧͧҧ͹ѹ¨ѴѰŷͧѹáԨҡûԴҡÿͧͧunsubstantiatedûԴʶҹҧռ.

ѧʹ͡طҧö١ͧ÷سͧسͧäѹҧѺѹ鹩ѹ. äѹԴͧطਵ·ҧö١.

ԴԢԷ ѺСäءҡԴA仺ѷ͹ѺسѧԴѵشԺԢԷͧǡ鴢ͧǡ'lookͧǡ֡Դسҧռ·ѹ. Ժѷת¾ǡҵͧ١㹡äءͧդBѧԷ·շشͧǡҤ͡ûԴʶҹ訹зѹö觧ҹ. 觡ҹ鹶ʶҹͧس͡ͺͧ1ͧǤسͧءѭ繻ШӾǡҤẺöش÷ӡäҤس.

ҧ١ҧ鹨ҡ¡ҤسöӨѴѭ. ҧáسö硷شѭҹ¡شѧ¡ͧͺ¡µ.

UltimatelyµѺͧʶҹҡҡȷش¨ʶҹ͡ͺǢͧسҤسöѺҤҡ÷ҧ. ֧Ҥسӵҧ鹤ǹӨѴäءͧûԴuntimelyҹѷ͹Ѻ. ѹӨѴդ蹤spamming͡ûʸ蹢ͧաúԡ. ѹ˹÷ѹѭҷ͡仢ͧԷ١ˡਵ·Դͼ餹աҷ֡ҷطªШ繵ͧ͡سҡԹѺҹ鹨з.

ػ

ҳȵɷ18ѧ١ǷҧѹҡѡôҡҧѧʶҡѰ. Ѱŵѹǹҡ١ҹ黡֧ͧһѹʶѧ١蹪Ѱ.

ѰԡҤͼҧʹҷءԴͧ1ѹ. áӺѧѧ˹աûѵ㹷ջû١¡(Դ⻧12).

ҾҪСúͧüԴŸФԴ͡յç¹ͧѧҨԷԷѧ١蹹ҧ¡ѧѺСѹfreedomsҧʹҢͧ. 觡ҹѰѹͧҡصԸҧ㹻ѵʵ֧¡ҡäǺͧԴŸҡ.

öüԴŸ¡֡ФͺǷçöҪСûͧẺ༴稡÷ҧʹ㹰ҹмЪվʹҹ.

ǹ٧ش | ͺҧ | | ͸ԺѾ | ١Դ | ἹʶҹФ | 繤ʵʹԡ

ҷǡ觼ҹسͧѧ.ǡѺҧҧá÷س;ٴ; Ѻѹ÷س;ٴж١س㹪. سٴѺѹѹͨԵ㨢ͧͧ͢سٴ㹤س. 10: 19-20

ԢԷ ١Ѻا : ѹ9չҤ2003
: Laverna Patterson. óҸԡ:

ԹԹ: Ŷ١ѴӨҡ觷ҡ.
englishӶ١¹硹Ҥͪ¹ѡŷкѵѵ.
ǡѺʶҹҾͧҾҧʹҶ١ ҤҧҾҧʹ
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